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http://www.shejapan.com/ > World Heritages > Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Quiz:
Reading Passage: (1)This site contains two of the most active volcanoes in the world, Mauna Loa (4,170 m high) and Kilauea (1,250 m high), both of which tower over the Pacific Ocean.Volcanic eruptions have created a constantly changing landscape, and the lava flows reveal surprising geological formations. Rare birds and endemic species can be found there, as well as forests of giant ferns. According to early Hawaiian traditions, there was a time in the mysterious past when the air was surrounded with spiritual beings and a thin veil divided the living from the dead, the natural from the supernatural. During that time Pele, goddess of the volcano, came to Hawai`i. Because the eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes are gentler than those of most other volcanoes around the world, the edges of active vents are frequently accessible, allowing people to come pay their respects to Pele. The early Hawaiians revered her and made offerings to placate her wrath. Missionaries William Ellis and Asa Thurston visited Kilauea's boiling lake of lava in 1823, the first Westerners to do so. Pele's fiery lake was described in magazines of the day, and adventuresome travelers came to see it firsthand. Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916, displays the results of 70 million years of volcanism, migration, and evolution -- processes that thrust a bare land from the sea and clothed it with complex and unique ecosystems and a distinct human culture. The park encompasses diverse environments that range from sea level to the summit of the earth's most massive volcano, Mauna Loa at 13,677 feet. Kilauea, the world's most active volcano, offers scientists insights on the birth of the Hawaiian Islands and visitors views of dramatic volcanic landscapes. Over half of the park is designated wilderness and provides unusual hiking and camping opportunities. In recognition of its outstanding natural values, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park has been honored as an International Biosphere Reserve and a World Heritage Site. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1987. ☆Hawaii Volcanoes National Park の予備知識☆ 公園の面積は324.4km2。ハワイ島の約3%にあたる。ハワイ島の火山の特徴として、溶岩の流出速度が遅い点が挙げられる。そのため、キラウエア火山は世界一安全な火山とも言われている。キラウエアの火口のイキ火口から噴火の様子が観察でき、観察ツアーも存在する。キラウエア火山の噴火活動は、プルナウ黒砂海岸の形成に、大きな影響を与えていると考えられている。 また、ハワイ州があるハワイ諸島の島々は、海底火山によってつくられた。現在ハワイ島がある地点には、ホットスポットと呼ばれる火山活動の一つが太古から存在する。これはマントルの活動の結果として太平洋プレートよりも深い地中の一定の場所に存在し続け、直上の海底に向けて噴火活動を繰り返している。太平洋プレートは太平洋中央海嶺から日本列島・千島列島の方へ向けて移動し続けているため、年々ハワイが日本に近づいているという話は有名。 |
Notes Mauna Loa マウナ・ロア火山 Kilauea キラウエア火山 Pele ペレ(ハワイに伝わる神) endemic 〔ある地方・住民に〕特有で giant ferns 巨大なシダ Missionaries William Ellis ウィリアム・エリス(アメリカ人宣教師) | |||
Web
Sites World Heritage Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park Globe trotter Hawaii wikipedia Hawaii's Official Tourism site | ||||
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Heritages > Hawaii Volcanoes National Park by Naoki Otake, Aoyama Gakuin College of Economics
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