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今回私がローマを選んだ理由は、このテキストを作る少し前にローマに旅行したからです。個々の遺跡だけではなく街全体から感じられる歴史溢れる雰囲気にただただ感動したのを覚えています。当時を思い起こすきっかけに、またより深く知るためにローマを選びました。調べていくうちに旅行の際より遥かに多くのことを知ることが出来ました。
　「ローマ歴史地区、教皇領とサン・パオロ・フオーリ・レ・ムーラ大聖堂」とは、アウレリアヌス帝の城壁及び教皇ウルバヌス８世の城壁内を示す歴史地区、１２のヴァティカン直轄の教皇領、そして城壁外にあるサン・パオロ・フオーリ・レ・ムーラ大聖堂から成っています。
　膨大な遺跡の中から、有名なコロッセオとフォロ･ロマーノを私自らが撮影した写真と共に紹介します。
<青山学院大学　経済学部　経済学科　竹内亮裕>

Pre-reading Questions:

1. What does Italy look like ?
2. What city does Rome have in it?

Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura

Inscribed :1980 Extension : 1990 Criteria : (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)

Brief description:
　Founded, according to legend, by Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C., Rome was first the centre of the Roman Republic, then of the Roman Empire, and it became the capital of the Christian world in the 4th century. The World Heritage site, extended in 1990 to the walls of Urban VIII, includes some of the major monuments of antiquity such as the Forums, the Mausoleum of Augustus, the Mausoleum of Hadrian, the Pantheon, Trajan's Column and the Column of Marcus Aurelius, as well as the religious and public buildings of papal Rome.
UNESCO World Heritage-Historic Centre of Rome

Reading Passage

　Rome was once the capital of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic (since 510 BC) and the Roman Empire (since 31 BC), the most powerful, largest and longest-lasting empire of classical Western civilization. In the course of the centuries, the bishop of Rome rose in importance, so that the Episcopal seat of Rome was occupied ( ) the Popes and hence the centre of the Catholic Church. Rome remained the capital of the Empire until the capital was transferred to Constantinople in 330. (1)The Western Roman Empire finally fell in 476 but Rome remained nominally part of the Byzantine Empire until the creation of the Papal States in 756. The popes ruled Rome, with varying levels success and setbacks, for more than a thousand years until it was finally conquered and made capital of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy in 1870. The Vatican City is a sovereign (a) enclave within the city territory.
　Rome has some of the world's best known works of art and monuments. It is also called "la Citta Eterna" (the Eternal City) and "la citta dei sette colli" ("the city of the seven hills").

ROMAN FORUM (Foro Romano)
　(2)The Roman Forum was the central area around which Ancient Rome developed, in which commerce, business, prostitution, cult and the administration of justice took place. Here the communal (b) hearth was located. Sequences of remains of paving show that sediment eroded from the surrounding hills was already raising the level of the forum in early Republican times. Originally it had been marshy ground, which was drained by the Tarquins with the Cloaca Maxima. Its final travertine paving, still to be seen, (c) dates from the reign of Augustus.
　It is now famous for the remains, which clearly show the use of urban spaces during the Roman Age. The Roman Forum includes major monuments, buildings and other ancient ruins.

COLOSSEUM (Colosseo)
　The Colosseum or Coliseum, originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is a giant (d) amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome. Originally capable of seating 50,000 spectators, it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. It was built on a site just east of the Roman Forum, with construction starting between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian. The amphitheatre, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire, was completed in 80 under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign.
　Although it is now in a severely ruined condition due to damage caused ( ) earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum has long been seen as an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and is one of the finest surviving examples of Roman architecture.

本文引用:
Rome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roman Forum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Colosseum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tips etc.

　歴史地区と呼ばれるローマ市街です。城壁で囲まれた歴史地区にはヴェネツィア広場を中心として半径約2.5kmの範囲に、コロッセオ、フォロ・ロマーノ、カラカラ浴場、パンテオンなどの数え切れない程の遺跡が存在しています。
　またこの地区の中にはサンタ・マリア・マッジョーレ大聖堂、サン・ジョバンニ・イン・ラテラノ大聖堂を含む１２の教皇領があり、これに城壁の外にあるサン・パオロ・フオーリ・レ・ムーラ大聖堂を合わせた１３の教皇領はヴァティカン市国外にありながら,イタリア政府はこれらに対しヴァティカンの特別な権利を認めています。

Notes

Urban VIII
教皇ウルバヌス8世

Augustus
アウグストゥス　ローマ帝国初代皇帝

Hadrian
ハドリアヌス帝　五賢帝の一人

Trajan
トラヤヌス帝　五賢帝の一人

Marcus Aurelius
マルクス・アウレリウス・アントニヌス帝　最後の五賢帝

bishop
司教

Episcopal seat
司教座

Constantinople
ビザンツ帝国の首都　現在のイスタンブル

Papal States
教皇領

Tarquins
タルクィニウス・プリスクス　王政ローマ5番目の王

Cloaca Maxima
古代ローマの下水道システム

Flavian
フラウィウス朝の

Vespasian
ウェスパシアヌス帝

Titus
ティトゥス帝

Domitian
ドミティアヌス帝

Web Sites

イタリア政府観光局(ENIT)
Rome Map

www.shejapan.com > World Heritages > Rome

by Akihiro Takeuchi, Aoyama Gakuin College of Economics