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10.Overpopulation |
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人口爆発（じんこうばくはつ）とは、人口が急激に増加することを指して言う言葉である。人口がとどまるところを知らず増加するさまを、爆弾が爆発するさまに例えている。 |
中国（上海） |
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Choose the correct
answer.
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Overpopulation (@ )to when an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. |
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| In common parlance, the term usually refers to the relationship between the human population (A )its environment, the Earth. |
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| Overpopulation is (B )a function of the
size or density of the population. Overpopulation can be determined
using the ratio of population to available sustainable
resources. |
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| If a (C )environment has a population of
ten, but there is food or drinking water (D )for only
nine, then that environment is overpopulated; if the population is
100 individuals but there is enough food, shelter, and water for 200
for the indefinite future, then it is not. |
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| Overpopulation can (E )from an
increase in births, a decline in mortality rates due to medical
advances, from an increase in immigration, a decrease in emigration,
or from an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. |
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| It is possible for very sparsely-populated areas to
be overpopulated, as the area in question (F )have a
very meager or non-existent capability to sustain human life (e.g.
the middle of the Sahara desert or Antarctica). |
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| The resources to be considered when evaluating
whether an ecological niche is overpopulated include clean water, (G )air,
food, shelter, warmth, and other resources necessary to sustain
life. If the quality of human life is addressed as well, there are
then additional resources to be considered, such as medical care,
employment, money, education, fuel, electricity, proper sewage
treatment, waste. |
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| Some countries have managed to temporarily increase
their (H ) capacity by using technologies such as
agriculture, desalination, and nuclear power. However most
technologies decrease the long-term carrying capacity unless they
are designed to be sustainable. |
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| Some cornucopians have argued that poverty and famine
are caused by bad government and bad economic policies, and that
higher population density leads to more specialization and
technological innovation, and that this leads to a (I )standard
of living. |
注) ecological niche ：生態的地位 mortality
rates ：死亡率
population density ：人口密度Created by Segawa
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