8.What Is Global Warming?
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Temperature of the Earth (地球の温度)
地球温暖化が原因で消えてしまうかもしれない恐れにさらされている
インド洋に浮かぶ美しい島モルディブ
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Choose the correct
answer.
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The ( 1. )near the surface of the
earth is determined by the balance between solar radiation energy
and heat reflected from earth to outer (2. ). Sunlight warms
the surface of the earth, which then cools down when the heat
(infrared rays) is released from it. |
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If heat exchange (1. )this simple, then the
surface of the earth would cool down rapidly as soon as solar
radiation stops, with only heat reflection continuing. In reality,
however, heat-absorbing atmospheric gases absorb a certain
percentage of heat (infrared rays) reflected from the surface of the
earth. |
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The atmosphere, thus warmed, radiates infrared rays
out toward space and back toward the surface of the earth, warming
the latter. In this manner, the earth surface temperature is kept at
around (1. ) (global average), realizing an environment suited
for the existence of humans, animals, plants and other life forms. |
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The natural process of heating the surface of the
earth by sunlight is called the "greenhouse effect," and
the infrared-absorbing gases in the atmosphere are called
"greenhouse gases." If not for greenhouse gases, the
temperature of the earth would drop by over 30 to about -18 .
Source:What Will Happen to the Earth? What Do We Do for the 21st
Century? (Environment Agency)
Human Activities and Global Warming (人間の活動と地球温暖化)
Since the Industrial Revolution at the end of the (1. )th
century, there has (2. )a marked increase in the emission of
greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide), in proportion to
industrial expansion. |
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As well, artificial greenhouse gases that (1. )not
exist before the Industrial Revolution, such as CFC
(chlorofluorocarbon) and sulfur hexafluoride, have been produced,
and are being released into the atmosphere. (2. ) greenhouse
gases destroy the heat exchange balance, keeping greater amounts of
heat in the atmosphere and (3. 」the earth (i.e.
intensifying the greenhouse effect) and raising the temperature near
the surface of the earth to undesirable levels. This phenomenon is (4. )global
warming. |
Created by Segawa
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